Kerala High Court holds that Labour Courts cannot adjudicate sham closure claims unless the reference explicitly frames it; reinstatement orders quashed for jurisdictional defect.
Bombay High Court holds that procedural defects in disciplinary inquiry nullify dismissal even where prima facie forgery exists, reinforcing natural justice in labour law.
Bombay High Court holds that directors cannot be held personally liable for Employees' State Insurance dues under Section 45A; liability rests solely with the company.
Delhi High Court holds that principal employers cannot evade liability under the Employee’s Compensation Act by delegating work to contractors; Section 12 creates a deemed employment relationship.
Supreme Court holds that conciliation can be initiated for apprehended disputes without prior demand to employer, reinforcing preventive intent of ID Act and protecting contract labour rights.
Supreme Court holds that conciliation under ID Act can be initiated without prior demand if dispute is apprehended, affirming government's administrative power to refer disputes preemptively.
Andhra Pradesh High Court clarifies that writ of certiorari under Article 226 cannot be issued based on surmises or lack of evidentiary basis; findings without evidence amount to error of law.
Kerala High Court holds that repairing three-wheelers with 10+ workers using power qualifies as manufacturing under Section 2(k) of the Factories Act, 1948, triggering statutory obligations.