#Criminal Issues | Contracts & Business Disputes

Madhya Pradesh High Court rules that charges under Section 417 IPC (cheating) can be framed based on implied agency under the Indian Contract Act, even without an express agency agreement. The judgment clarifies that prosecutors need not prove a formal contract-conduct establishing agency is sufficient for framing charges, impacting fraud and investment-related criminal cases.

Bombay HC quashed criminal proceedings under IPC Sections 406/420 where the loan was repaid and a No Due Certificate was issued, holding that mere civil disputes cannot be criminalized without proof of dishonest intent. The ruling reinforces safeguards against misuse of criminal law for debt recovery.