#State definition

Jharkhand High Court holds that a private, unaided teacher training college affiliated with a public university does not qualify as 'State' under Article 12, restricting writ jurisdiction to contractual service disputes unless statutory provisions apply. The ruling underscores that mere regulatory oversight or affiliation does not extend constitutional remedies to private institutions.

Rajasthan High Court holds that private finance companies are not 'State' under Article 226; loan recovery actions cannot be challenged via writ petition.