#non-cognizable offences

Allahabad HC quashed criminal proceedings under Sections 323, 504 IPC for non-cognizable offences after finding the magistrate erred by treating a police report as a state case. The court emphasized that cognizance of non-cognizable offences must comply with Section 2(d) CrPC, mandating a complaint-based process.

The Calcutta High Court quashed proceedings under BNS Sections 126(2) and 351(2), ruling that mere verbal abuse and general threats-without injury or specific intent-do not establish a prima facie case. The decision reinforces that non-cognizable offences require concrete evidence to justify criminal proceedings.