Case Law Analysis

Section 193(9) BNSS | Complainant's Right to Seek Further Investigation Pre-Charge Recognized : HP HC

The Himachal Pradesh High Court ruled that a complainant may invoke Section 193(9) BNSS to demand further investigation before charges are framed, rejecting the view that only the investigating agency can move such an application. The decision strengthens victim participation in ensuring a thorough probe at the pre-trial stage.

Cassie News NetworkCassie News Network
Sep 10, 2026, 7:02 PM(Updated: Nov 3, 2026)
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Section 193(9) BNSS | Complainant's Right to Seek Further Investigation Pre-Charge Recognized : HP HC

The Himachal Pradesh High Court has held that a complainant may invoke Section 193(9) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 to seek further investigation even after the filing of a charge-sheet, provided the application is made before the framing of charges. The Court set aside an order of the Additional Sessions Judge, Paonta Sahib, which had dismissed the complainant's application on the grounds that it was filed post-cognizance and that only the investigating agency could seek further investigation. Relying on the Supreme Court's three-judge bench decision in Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat and Rampal Gautam v. State, the Court ruled that the earlier precedent in Amrutbhai Shambhubhai Patel had been overruled to the extent it barred complainant-initiated further investigation. The Court directed the investigating agency to complete further investigation within ninety days, particularly regarding the mobile phones of the accused that allegedly recorded the incident.

Case Details

Case Details

2026:HHC:38340
PDF
Court
Himachal Pradesh High Court
Date
2026-09-09
Case Number
CRMMO/713/2026
Bench
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANDEEP SHARMA
Counsel
Pet: Sanjeev Bhushan, Rakesh Chauhan
Res: Rajan Kahol, Vishal Panwar, Ravi Chauhan, Anish Banshtu, Ajay Kochhar, Anubhav Chopra, Preetika Thakur

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. The Himachal Pradesh High Court held that a complainant's application for further investigation is maintainable even after the filing of a charge-sheet and cognizance, provided it is filed before the framing of charges. The Court relied on Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat which overruled Amrutbhai Shambhubhai Patel on this point.
Section 193(9) BNSS provides that further investigation during trial shall be completed within a period of ninety days, which may be extended with the permission of the court trying the case. The High Court in this case directed the investigating agency to complete further investigation within ninety days.
No. The Supreme Court in Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat (2019) 17 SCC 1 overruled the observations in Amrutbhai Shambhubhai Patel that a complainant cannot seek further investigation. The three-judge bench held that a Magistrate can order further investigation at the instance of a complainant after cognizance but before framing of charges.
The Court identified glaring lacunae in the investigation as justifying further investigation, including the failure to send the accused's mobile phones for forensic analysis despite allegations that the incident was recorded on them, and the failure to collect material evidence that could establish the intent to commit murder rather than culpable homicide.
The Court held that while a complainant's application for further investigation is maintainable even after framing of charges, courts should be reluctant to allow it at the fag end of the trial. The power to order further investigation remains with the court but must be exercised judiciously based on the facts and circumstances of each case.
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Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The views expressed are based on the judgment analysis and should not be taken as professional counsel. Please consult with a qualified attorney for advice specific to your situation.