#Definition of Industry

‘Industry’ now requires a commercial character in addition to the Triple Test under Sec 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act. Applied prospectively via the Industrial Relations Code 2020, the ruling reshapes which enterprises fall within industrial-dispute jurisdiction, affecting employers and workers.

The Calcutta High Court ruled that the Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth does not qualify as an “industry” under Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, setting aside the tribunal award and dismissing the employee’s claim as a workman. This limits industrial-dispute relief to commercial enterprises, affecting workers in religious institutions.