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If you or someone you know has been accused or victim of an offense
Someone has accused you of defaming them, and the police or a magistrate's court has told you that the case is now governed by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, not the old Indian Penal Code. Or you are the one who feels wronged by something written or said about you, and you are tryi
An FIR is registered against you, or a criminal case is grinding on in a trial court, and you need to travel abroad for work, study, a wedding, or medical treatment. The fear is automatic: surely a pending case means you cannot leave the country. The legal position is more reassu
What the Parity Principle Actually Means If you are reading this because a co-accused in your FIR has just been released on bail and you are wondering whether the same relief is now available to you, the short answer is: it depends, and not on what you might expect. Indian courts
If you have lodged a complaint under the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 , or you are defending one, the case will often turn on a question that sounds almost too simple to matter: has anyone actually proved the caste of the victim?
Under Indian law, criminal courts have consistently held that, the non-holding of a Test Identification Parade (TIP) under Section 9 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (now Section 7 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023) does not automatically vitiate a prosecution's case. Whether its
Every testimony presented before a Competent Court has the potential to influence the outcome of a criminal trial. But when the prosecution’s case in a capital offence substantially depends on the testimony of a child witness, the law demands a much higher degree of judicial scru
A police officer asks you to unlock your phone. The request sounds simple. But inside that device are years of private conversations—messages to your spouse, your lawyer, your doctor, your employer, and your closest friends. An FIR has been registered. The investigation has begun